Civil rights are considered the natural rights. This set of laws was established to promote freedom and equality among the citizens of a democratic nation. Civil rights protect the citizens from discrimination based on race, class, gender, religion, age, nationality, political party, and disability.

In most countries, both civil and political rights are codified as constitutional rights. They are included and clearly stated in the bill of rights of a particular nation. The civil rights refer to the first ten amendments of the United States Bill of Rights. Just like the universality of civil rights in general, it entitles American citizens the following basic constitutional rights:

- The First Amendment protects the citizens’ rights to freedom of speech, religion, and assembly.

This is quite self explanatory. The most important declaration that prohibits the federal government from making laws that may interfere or limit people’s liberty to choose a religion, self expression (free speech and free press), and ability to organize a political assembly.

- The Fourth Amendment protects citizens from unreasonable search and seizure of their homes and properties.

This ensures that unreasonable search and seizure of a person’s home and property is illegal unless a search warrant, warrant of arrest, or a similar court order is presented by the law enforcer. A probable reason should be established and explained to the individual prior to any search and seizure. Police officers are even required to present a documentation of the exact location of the search and the exact description of what they are looking for.

- The Fifth Amendment protects citizens against abuse of government authority in a legal procedure.

This law secures procedural protections for criminal defendants and ensures that the government may not deprive a citizen of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.

- The Sixth Amendment protects the citizens’ rights to a speedy and public trial, trial by a jury, and a right to counsel.

This is an extension of the Fifth Amendment in terms of procedural protections. The old adage that a person remains innocent until proven guilty is what this is all about. The defendant of a criminal prosecution has the right to a speedy trial which is usually gauged through the absence of unreasonable delays. It also grants the right to be represented by an attorney of his choice or self representation if the defendant is competent enough. Lastly, the right to an unbiased jury is also ratified in this amendment. Exception to jury right are petty crimes which requires only a short time of imprisonment.

- The Eighth Amendment protects citizens against federal government abuse in the form of excessive bail, excessive fines, cruel and unusual punishments.

Bail refers to the process of depositing money in order to temporarily release someone from jail until trial proper. It is illegal to require the defendant to pay excessive bails and fines. Cruel and unusual punishments such as boiling to death, burning alive, stoning, disembowelment, and other forms of torture are prohibited by law. The execution of individuals who are under 18 and/or mentally disabled is also considered as violations of the Eighth Amendment.

A lot of questions have continually emerged as to what extent the government can intervene in the ever changing issues that society has faced through out time. Although there is a remarkable improvement from the time of the Civil Rights Movement, issues concerning discrimination are still a work in progress. One thing’s for sure, if people are deprived of their civil and political rights, history has it that social unrest may be inevitable.

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Ever been inconvenienced by other people’s negligence? You can probably file a personal injury lawsuit against the offending party. Many people in Oakland, California believe that it is their right to sue people who caused them inconvenience because of negligence. Often, pursuing legal action is the best way to resolve these situations.

Personal injury refers to damage caused by a person because of other people’s recklessness. It may be endured physically, emotionally, or psychologically. It is bound by the tort law that revolves around a person’s civil duties to other people, contrary to criminal doings that are bound toward the person’s responsibility to the society. There are actually many situations that call for a personal injury claim.

There are many things that could happen in an accident, whether vehicular or not. Victims of such accidents can endure several types of injuries, including burn injury. When explosions occur in buildings or are caused by fuel-powered vehicles, victims can experience burn. These are very difficult to deal with, as many medical practitioners believe that treatments for such injuries can be very excruciating.

Spinal cord injuries are some of the most unfortunate injuries an individual can endure. Many Oakland personal injury attorneys believe that when this occurs, plaintiffs have to go for compensation. The compensation received by the plaintiff can involve large sums of money, since the injury can affect the entire life of the plaintiff. It can lead to other conditions such as paralysis and paraplegia.

Brain injury is definitely the most devastating that calls for immediate legal action through the guidance of an Oakland personal injury lawyer. The effect of brain injury varies from one victim to another, but many medical experts believe that this injury can have long-term effects. In filing cases, lawyers require plaintiffs to acquire necessary information like prognosis and medical documentation.

The worst case an Oakland personal injury lawyer could handle is a wrongful death lawsuit. This is because the case of a wrongful death can take its toll on the surviving members of the victim’s family. Most of the time, defendants don’t want to be held entirely responsible for the death of the victim. This makes the legal proceedings become very difficult, as the plaintiffs need to prove that the defendants are at fault.

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You are the victim of a car accident and have been experiencing pain in your back or neck since. It is now time for settlement and you have been diagnosed with a bulging disk in your back or neck. Why would an insurance adjuster is refuse to compensate for this diagnosis?

Normally a bulging disk is considered part of the aging process. Over time the disk extends outside the space it should normally occupy. On the other hand a herniated disk results when there is a crack in the disk cartilage allowing the softer material to protrude out of the disk. A ruptured disk or a slipped disk is also know as a herniated disk. A bulging disk can become herniated.

A bulging disk may have been in existence prior to the collision; however, it may not have been painful. Now after the accident this bulging disk is generating pain and in some instances debilitating pain. The only way to provide proof to the insurance company that you were not in pain prior to the collision is to offer up past medical records. The absence of documentation, treatment and/or prescriptions to treat the pain associated with your bulging disk should be enough to prove you were not experiencing this level of pain that you are currently suffering from.

Bottom line insurance companies are making it harder for minor fender benders to recover on their medical bills. One way around this is to deny medical bills based on claims that could be classified as attributable to the aging process. In other words their claim is, it was a pre-existing injury and therefore they are not required to compensate you. This creates a huge savings to the insurance companies. Bottom line, the adjuster works for the insurance company and it is their job to try and save money for their employer.

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In order to conduct a license plate number search or license plate lookup online you need what is called a reverse lookup directory. This is a database which contains license plate numbers for millions of drivers. It works like a search engine such as Google, Yahoo or MSN except that with a reverse lookup directory, you find records by entering license plate numbers.

Looking up license plate numbers online is very easy and quick. You first need to have a license plate number. Then go to a reverse lookup directory and enter the license number in the search box provided and click on the search button. If a match is found, the system will then display the records so that you can see the information that you’re looking for. The information returned usually includes the name of the registered vehicle owner and their address.

When looking for a website to conduct a license plate lookup, you may need to consider some of the following:

- How much do they charge? Do they charge per search fees or do they require you to join as a member before you can access the records database?

- Is the database kept up to date?

- Do they provide customer support?

- How big is their database? Does it cover every driver or only a fraction of them?

- How do they compare with other providers?

Membership-based lookup directories tend to be much cheaper than the large online private investigation services. For example, some larger private investigation services charge as much as $89 per search while some membership-based lookup services online charge a small one-time fee for unlimited searches. Membership-based lookup services give you access to the same resources and databases that are used by professional private investigators. Looking up a license plate online is one of the fastest ways to find out the registered owner of a vehicle.

Gone are the days when you had to hire a private investigator to find out the owner of a license plate number. These days you can do it online in minutes. Most people are not aware of this because online license plate number search is quite a recent development. The really good thing about looking up license plate numbers online is that it’s far much cheaper than hiring a private investigator. It also means that you can do it online wherever there’s an internet connection.

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You can’t tell a book by its cover but you can read it to find out. It’s the same with people. We need to go past the covers in order to learn the truth about them too. For a majority of us, we cross path with all sorts of different people all the time in our daily life and with the kind of crime rate that is seen in the country these days, we can’t afford not to take precautions. Fortunately for us, we can do that quite easily.

Many things about us are put into records. The United States have the most comprehensive system of Public Records in place. They are precious as gold if you know how to put them to good use and are accessible free of charge by anyone too as long as procedures are followed. There are various categories of free public records and Free Arrest Records in particular is very handy in finding out the truth about people.

There are quite a handful of record categories related to criminal violations and Free Arrest Records is unique in that 100% of the arrests are documented and stick whether or not they lead to eventual incarceration. This applies for Military personnel as well. In this way, even acquittals, dropped charges, insufficient evidence and reasonable doubt cases and other prosecutions which fail to secure conviction are still produced.

Free Arrest Records come under state jurisdiction. They are therefore governed by the respective state laws. Hence, variations exist from state to state in regard to their access and the treatment and permissible use of the information derived from them. Generally, their accessibility is quite liberal with exception when it’s deemed to be against public interests such as when it concerns security, social stability or juveniles.

Being public records, Free Arrest Records are obtainable from government agencies responsible for the function including police departments and even the FBI. They can be requested by mail, telephone, fax, or in person. Online option over the internet is also increasingly available nowadays and is proving to be a very popular mode of retrieval. Although Free Arrest Records are technically free-of-charge, an administrative fee is sometimes charged but the amount is usually nominal.

There is a multitude of practical applications of Free Arrest Records. They are used in very official and formal settings such as legal proceedings, police investigation and employment background check. Socially, they are also a favorite for checking out the background of neighbors, friends, relatives, nannies and tenants. One thing to note when using Free Arrest Records is that there are out-of-bound markers, violation of which is a legal offense.

With computerization and the advent of the internet, retrieving Free Arrest Records online from public offices is essentially a breeze these days. If the formality and waiting time with government departments are still too bothersome, there’s the paid version from commercial record providers to turn to. If it’s done online, the searched records are usually ready for download in a matter of minutes. They’re not free but the reputable ones are good value for money, so, why not?

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The question about deductibles and what they are for and why do we have them and why do we need to pay them has been asked more times than most insurance agent probably care to count. Very simply put, a deductible is the amount of money that you, as the owner of the auto insurance policy, need to pay out of your own pocket before the insurance company will agree to pay for anything that is related to damages received in an accident/collision or any other type(s) of damages done by natural disasters or unpredictable events.

You may be asking if you are able to get any type of good auto insurance policy that does not have any type of deductible(s) involved. This question is one that only a qualified insurance agent can really answer as there are many different factors that come into play in determining whether or not you will be able to do this without ending up compromising yourself or putting yourself in a hole in the process. More often than not, when you have an auto insurance policy in which you are not paying any type of deductibles you normally wind up paying some much higher premiums than you would if you took a deductible.

The questions surrounding why we pay deductibles have also been around since the deductible first became part of most insurance policies. That deductible is basically that much less that the insurance company has to pay to the body shop, the other insurance provider and all others involved when you do damage to your vehicle and/or another vehicle (in cases of collisions). If you have a $500 or a $1,000 deductible, this means that you are responsible for paying everything up to that amount; after that, the insurance company will begin to pay the bills.

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Loss in market value, diminution of value, diminished value, depreciation, and lost value are some of the terms used to describe what happens to certain vehicles after they have been involved in an accident. Most consumers know that this type of loss happens, but they just don’t know how to properly document the loss, and there are very few insurance companies that will offer to calculate it for the consumer because that would just mean more money out of the insurance company’s pocket. When consumers search for help, they sometimes misspell the actual terms and come up with less than optimum help. It is not diminution of value, it has a “u” in it, hehe. I have seen such misspellings as demiciated value, depreciated value, diminishment of value, and depreciation of value. First off, spell it right, and you might come across some better resources!

Anyway, in almost every state in the US, it is possible to recover diminished value if certain circumstances exist. I will list out the most probable set of factors one must have in order to successfully recover diminished value but first, one must have a firm grasp on what diminished value is in order to properly document it for use in an actual claim, so let me first explain the different types of diminished value claims:

1. Repair related diminished value = the loss in value that a vehicle sustains due to improper or substandard work performed at a collision or repair facility. Most repair shops will provide a written guarantee of their work, so this type of diminished value is becoming less and less available, and repair techniques and available repair tools are becoming more and more advanced. Additionally, unless a consumer is forced into using a specific repair facility (which is illegal in most states), it is a very hard type of claim to pursue. If there are terrible repairs, then the problem is between the consumer and the body shop, so it will likely require quite a bit of legwork and a professional to actually document the faulty repairs.

2. Estimate related diminished value = the loss in value that a vehicle sustains due to the manner a repair estimate is written. This is not a super common type of diminished value, either, but it comes about when an appraiser or adjuster elects to write an estimate that includes things such as repairs when the part or component should have been replaced, or things like utilizing aftermarket parts that are not completely compatible with the subject vehicle. This kind of diminished value also requires special expertise in order to properly document.

3. Inherent diminished value = the loss in value that a vehicle sustains simply because it has been in a wreck. Ask most anybody whether or not they would like to pay $5000.00 for a 1998 Honda Accord with 100,000 miles on it that has never been wrecked, or if they would like to pay $5000.00 for an identical 1998 Honda Accord that was involved in a wreck and repaired. I would be willing to bet that most people would opt for the vehicle that was never wrecked. There is just a stigma associated with a vehicle being in a wreck, you know? Unfortunately, even this type of diminished value will probably require an expert to document.

So, you can see, the easiest and most common type is an inherent diminished value claim that is pursuable, so when can you successfully recover this type of loss? If the following factors apply to your claim, then it is probably worth it to hire a professional and have them write an official diminished value report:

1. The accident was not your fault.

2. The at fault party has insurance or you have uninsured motorist coverage.

3. Your vehicle is newer than a 2002 model vehicle.

4. The damage estimate was at least $2000.00.

5. Your car was not deemed a total loss.

If you have all five factors above, then you need to ask your adjuster to address the diminished value and go from there. Most likely, the adjuster will require that you make a formal demand for the claim, so if that happens, just write a letter and ask the insurance company to pay you some amount of money for the diminished value. You could do some research, but if you are not a trained (and normally a license is required) adjuster the value you ask for won’t hold much water, so unless the company just offers up an acceptable amount, you need to find a specialist to write you a report.

The cost for a diminished value report can be up to $400.00, but you can find good specialists to write a report for far less that will hold muster in front of a judge or jury. Do your research and find somebody that will talk to you over the phone and give you some assistance in preparing cover letters or at the very least, somebody that will actually inspect your vehicle and not just provide you with a formula or have you fill out an online form. The specialist should be willing to testify in court on behalf of their report if needed. That’s it and good luck!

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If you’re driving around without car insurance you are probably breaking the law and certainly tempting fate. Here’s why you should get it as soon as possible.

All states have some sort of financial responsibility law that requires owners of vehicles to provide proof that they are financially responsible for injuries and damages their vehicle causes. Each state is different in their minimum requirements. The most common proof of financial responsibility is to purchase car insurance.

Each state also has different penalties for driving without insurance. These penalties can range from several hundred to several thousand dollar fines, vehicle impoundment and even jail time. The threat of those penalties should be enough of a reason to purchase auto insurance.

What could even be more costly is if you are in an accident that is your fault and you don’t have car insurance. On top of the fines, you could be responsible for paying all of the medical bills of the injured, plus paying for all of the property damage you caused. You may be sued and the costs of not having car insurance could be several hundred thousand dollars — or much more.

When you purchase car insurance, you need to get the minimum coverages as required by your state law. These are typically called limits of liability for Bodily Injury and Property Damage. An insurance agent can tell you what those minimums are, or you can contact your state insurance department.

When you shop for an auto insurance quote, get at least three different quotes because rates can vary from company to company. That’s really the number one way to save on car insurance. If you’ve been driving awhile without auto insurance, a lot of companies may not want to insure you. At the very least, you’ll probably have to pay a bit more than someone who has already had car insurance and has a clean driving record. Again, make sure to check out several different quotes.

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When getting a traffic ticket, you can go to court to fight your violation and try to defend yourself so that you can avoid the fines. Sometimes after the court date is set something comes up and you can’t go. There is an option to get a traffic ticket extension.

Getting an extension will differ from one jurisdiction to another. There are normally three ways of doing so. You can call the district attorney’s office and ask for the extension. Call the number on the ticket or visit the court house that’s on the ticket asking for an extension. Some places require that you actually show up in court to be granted the extra time.

Some states only allow one extension while others can give up to three. This is normally a free process but some charge a small fee to delay the court date.

There are some good reasons to go ahead and try to get an extension on your traffic ticket.

-You may not have the money right now. This could be due to unemployment or shortages of funds. Getting an extra 45-60 days can help you get the time to raise the funds to pay the ticket.

-You may want to delay the higher insurance premiums that you may get because of the traffic ticket if found guilty.

-You may have become sick and can’t really go to court that day.

-You may need more time to get together a better defense to help fight the speeding ticket.

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Line Removal – I can’t make it easy, but, I can make it easier. I have (3) topics or types of Line Removal.

1) A wire brush, for small mistakes.
2) A “Scarifier”.
3) A “Shot Blaster”.

First; A Wire Brush. Everyone carries a wire brush. One might look like an 18″ toothbrush. The wires are about 1″ long. Another may look like a wood block. Wires are 1″ long and the wood block is 3″ x 8″. It’s a scrub brush! Next, buy boxes of rags and have one within reach. And, you’ll have the cutting agent for the particular type of paint. So if your machine does not shut off (notice how it’s the machine’s fault), and the line is too long, grab the brush and try to quickly scrub it off. If your rag is closer, wipe it up quickly before it dries. That way, you’ll have less to wire brush off. And if you can wet the rag with the cutting agent to wipe it off before it dries, you’ll do well. It’s not easy. It’s not fun. But, it’s not hard either. This “elbow grease” job only lasts for a minute. And you’re a responsible person. So forget ego and scrub.

Next; A Scarifier, pronounced “scare”, but, think “scar”…because that’s what you’re going to do. You’ll scar the pavement by scratching it. You’ve probably seen this, on the street. If you move a traffic lane, you cannot simply “black out” the old line. You need to remove it, so people don’t crash. And, the end result is this; you’ve seen the “scratches” where the old line was. They’re not too deep. But they are there. This “path” is about 8″ wide. (The scars or scratches look like grooves.) You’ve just “scratched” = “scarred” the road. You’ve removed the old line, taking a little bit of the road too. But, the line is gone! The small hand operated machine that does the work, looks like a hand operated Garden Tiller. It’s called a Scarifier. Rent it. It costs something like $200.00 per (4) hours or $400.00 per day. And you may have to pay for the blades. They look like the sprockets from a bicycle.

Or, “Sub” the job out, which means, call someone with a Scarifier to grind off the lines. If they charge $200.00 for removing 30 lines or an abandoned Crosswalk, hire them. Try to be there, to help. Maybe you can help clean up. That’s next. Picture grinding a parking lot using an 8″ grinder, walking slower than normal. There’s debris. Bring (5) gallon buckets, a blower, (big or small) a large dust pan and an 8′, big broom. You can blow the debris to a spot and sweep it up, then haul it away. Or you can sweep every line, (the debris doesn’t really fly very far and this saves blowing off the entire lot, unless you bid for that too). Here’s some good news; I hear the debris is a fantastic base. It may be. Or, dump it at a local Landfill. Charges may be $35.00. Call your local Landfill. Check me on costs. Check me on the Grinder’s Rental cost too. Pricing varies…I think the going rate is.40 to $1.00 per foot. So, if you have a “Scarifier”, you may also get jobs from other stripers. Bid fair. Help them. Don’t steal their client. You’ll need help on a job one day, too.

Last; A Shot Blaster. Think of it as a Sand Blaster. But, instead of using Sand to Blast off the line, and what a mess that would be, a Shot Blaster uses metal “Shot”. Yes, just like the metal BB’s that are inside a Shotgun Shell, called Shot. So, it’s called a Shot Blaster and we are Shot Blasting. Shot blasting is a bit specialized. It’s used almost exclusively for “roughing up” concrete, so that, the paint will be able to get a better “grip” on it and hopefully last longer. So…you can Shot Blast either the entire floor before you paint the entire floor. Or, you can Shot Blast only where you’re going to stripe. Or, use the Shot Blaster just to “clean off” ugly, disgusting concrete. And again…you’ll be “roughing up” the smooth, and sometimes, shiny surface of a concrete floor. Such as, warehouse floors or parking garages.

Warehouse floors have (2) strikes against them.

(1)…they’re smooth…so smooth…they’re shiny. The paint won’t stick.
(2)…they see enormous volumes of hard traffic.

There are fork lifts at the dock area. Floors are smooth and fork lifts pirouette. Paint won’t last. So, Shot Blast, first.

Parking Garages also have (2) strikes.

(1) They’re filthy.
(2) They’re really filthy.

So again, the Shot Blaster will “rough up” the surface by blasting it with metal BB’s and also remove the filth and paint that’s there. The new surface will now resemble the “prickly” surface of the outside sidewalk. Now we can do a couple things; paint it; the paint can now “grip” the surface, or, walk away. It’s clean! A note here; If you’re Shot Blasting the entire floor, it’s called Shot Blasting. If you’re only Shot Blasting where you plan to stripe, it’s called “Track Blasting”. 8″ wide “tracks”. Your stripe will then go “on” or “in” this “track”. Track Blasting. Another note; pretend you’re Shot Blasting an entire floor. If you move methodically and if you move at a consistent speed, you’ll do well. But, if you stop to look at the pretty people, your Shot Blaster won’t stop. You’ll have an area rougher = “alot prickly”. So, if it’s filthy, go a little slower. If’s if not too bad, you can move a little more quickly. But, I wouldn’t stop. Don’t just stop.

Now the machines. Basically (2) types; electric = plug it in or, gas engine. And (3) sizes; a dinky one, a medium sized one and a big one that you ride! First, if you rent the dinky one or the medium sized one, you’ll also rent the vacuum system with it. The vacuum system vacuums up the debris you’ll create, which are very small chips of concrete. It also collects most of the BB’s. A few fly all over the place. You must wear eye protection and ear plugs. Then, walk around with a “magnet broom” to pick up remnant BB’s. The vacuum gets most. You’ll like the “Big Boy”. It vacuums itself. The rent does not include the trailer. If you have a trailer, cool, if not, rent the trailer with it.

Now, about those BB’s. Ask the Equipment Rental Company how many bags of BB’s you’ll need. Then? Buy more than that. You can always return them and get your money back. Besides, you’re bringing the machine back anyhow. Do not run out of BB’s.

OK? (3) machines; (2) types; = Dinky, medium and big; electric = plug in, or gas. Dinky and medium need a vacuum. “Big Boy” has his own and you can ride him, but, you’ll also need a trailer to tote him around.

(3) types of jobs; Shot Blasting, “Track Blasting” and “Just Clean The Concrete”.

Line Removal. (This is my recap = recapitulate.)

A) A Wire Brush, Rag, Cleaning Agent, Elbow Grease.
B) A Scarifier, Empty (5) Gallon Buckets, Blower, Large Dust Pan, Large Broom.
C) Shot Blaster, Eye and Ear Protection,
(5) gallon buckets to empty the vacuum. (Or hire someone else to do it = a “Sub” contractor = “under” you = “Sub” it out.)

I hope this primer helped. Find your niche. Work hard. At least you know basics. See ya. Dan Zurcher American Striping Co. http://www.AmericanStriping.com

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